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Caste and Migration

A Study of Indian Diaspora and Inequality

Working Paper
Pratham Kumar
Description

Pratham Kumar's paper argues that the Indian caste system has shaped migration patterns to the United States across four major waves, with upper-caste Indians historically dominating these movements due to systemic advantages in education and economic resources. The first wave brought agricultural laborers, likely from landowning castes, while the 1965 Immigration Act and 1990s tech boom facilitated migration of highly educated professionals from elite institutions largely inaccessible to lower castes. Kumar notes that only 4% of Dalits completed higher education between 1983 and 2000, effectively excluding them from skilled worker visa programs like H-1B. A recent fourth wave consists of asylum seekers potentially fleeing caste-based violence in India, representing a demographic shift from professional migration. The paper demonstrates that caste discrimination persists within the American diaspora, citing a 2021 lawsuit revealing Dalit laborers trafficked to build a New Jersey temple under exploitative conditions. Kumar concludes that policymakers and community leaders must recognize caste as a transnational issue requiring protective measures for vulnerable groups.

Citation and Copyright Information

Note: This working paper follows the American Psychological Association, 7th edition. All references and citations are formatted according to APA guidelines for academic research.
 

APA (Notes and Bibliography) Recommended Citation:
Bibliography Entry:

Kumar, Pratham. "Caste and Migration: A Study of Indian Diaspora and Inequality." Agard Research Associates Inc., Research Division, December 13, 2025.

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Footnote/Endnote:
Pratham Kumar, "Caste and Migration: A Study of Indian Diaspora and Inequality" (Agard Research Associates Inc., Research Division, December 13, 2025).

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Caste and Migration: A Study of Indian Diaspora and Inequality © 2024 by Pratham Kumar is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. 

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